The course provides basic principles of experimental and sampling design in ecology, and of the analysis of resulting data. The practical problems resulting from work in the field are stressed. A special attention is paid to understanding the difference between causal and statistical relationships and the role of experiments in revealing the causal relationships.
Whereas in the Biostatistics course the main emphasis was on the univariate statistical methods, in this course we focus on the more complex ANOVA models, and mainly on the multivariate statistical methods. The multivariate statistics will be demonstrated using the Canoco and TWINSPAN software packages. In the presented framework, the multivariate methods are seen not only as the methods of exploratory data analysis, but mainly as a tool of hypothesis testing and analysis of designed ecological experiments.